Study of the Dynamic Interaction Between Modular Shelter Structures and Vehicles During Collision

This paper presents a study of the behavior of modular shelter structures of a typical design, located near transportation routes, under conditions of a potential collision with a vehicle. The purpose of this work was to assess the safety of occupants inside such a shelter in the event of a traffic accident involving a large vehicle, such as a semi tractor. To achieve this objective, an explicit dynamic analysis method was applied in combination with the finite element method, using the LS-DYNA computational system. The mathematical model included a semi tractor and the reinforced-concrete elements of a typical modular shelter used in Ukraine, based on material models that account for nonlinear behavior and failure under mechanical interaction. The study established that the shelter structures do not provide adequate protection during a collision with a vehicle traveling at 70 km/h or higher. To ensure the safety of people inside the shelter, a protective system was proposed. This system consists of a reinforced-concrete platform and steel tubular bollards. Using the developed mathematical models of the shelter, the protective system, and the tractor-trailer, the effectiveness of the proposed protective solution was demonstrated. Implementation of the protective system significantly increases the safety of modular shelters under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine.