The dynamic behaviour of the crane during lifting and lowering operations, considering various operational parameters.

This research analyzes the dynamic behavior of a specific crane subjected to impulsive loading during lifting and lowering operations. A simplified two-degree-of-freedom dynamic model was developed to represent the crane structure and the suspended load, connected by viscoelastic rope elements. Structural parameters were derived from FEM simulations of a 120 kN Working Load Limiter (WLL) crane, while rope stiffness and damping were modeled using the Kelvin–Voigt approach. Through numerical simulations and multiple linear regression in MATLAB, the effects of load speed, impulse shape, impulse frequency, and rope length were evaluated. Results showed that the rising angle of a trapezoidal impulse, maximum load speed, impulse duration, and the number of impulses significantly influenced the crane's peak displacement, while other factors had minor effects. The models achieved high predictive accuracy (Adjusted R² = 0.992 and 0.99). The study demonstrates that simple dynamic models, when properly pa-rameterized, can effectively support early-stage design and control optimization of quay cranes